Showing posts with label Blood. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Blood. Show all posts

The N Factor

The mere mention of a possible stop-gap option to the grave medical realities of those that suffer, let alone a lifeline to a solution, is enough to get most patients and their families/friends talking. Clinical trials however are relatively few and far between for specific diseases and those that are available are currently akin to drawing the lottery where circumstances such as referral, timing, scale, proximity and onerous inclusion criteria set a very high bar to entry.

The vast majority of patients don’t have any options.

I’ll relay a representative case in point - a friend of mine was diagnosed recently with Stage 4 Melanoma, an advanced skin Cancer which is all but fatal in relatively short order. His doctors gave him the ticking clock and little hope. However, given his wish to live and determination to see his young son grow up he studied, turned over every rock and reached out. He landed a very rare spot as a tag along to a new immunotherapy trial. He was lucky, most are not, given he didn’t meet the strict criteria for official entry. The trial treatment saved his life.

T-Cells in Action
Hope is a cruel bedfellow with its constant draw of energy and resources from the very reservoir it seeks to fill. Yet without that flicker of a flame gasping for oxygen the very medical system built upon empirical data derived from clinical trials designed to advance knowledge wouldn’t exist.

The system needs patients and patients need the system - both rely on the other and as such require inclusive practices to further the agenda of progress towards real solutions.


Emily Whitehead
N is a strong and decisive letter in our everyday language but in investigative medicine it’s a defining research statement which confers status and validity where quantitative analysis imbues significance and wields judgement on meaningfulness. For those not on the in, the N is translational science parlance for the number of patients treated and their data sets. The lower the N the more likely there will be variability in the eventual safety and benefit outcomes when applied to the patient population at large. While the larger the N the more significant the potential correlation in delivering a safe option and potentially treating the targeted disease indication. 

As fundamental as the N is to applying the scientific method to proving the safety and potential for wide scale application, it cannot be suggested to be devoid of meaning at any level, especially considering the human impact and nascent development of promising new therapeutic modalities for treating previously unmet medical needs.

The mere fact that we will all suffer in one form or another from the debilitating conditions of age is enough to warrant more attention to the secondary benefits in N data given the lack of achieved endpoints of trialed drug interventions to-date. Combine the natural degenerative conditions of the aged with a population rife with chronic and acute medical issues that continue to overburden the system, leaving a significant population of those in need without a solution, and you have the argument for considered change.



Breakthroughs in medical science indeed offer a real opportunity to effect change and the more that can be done to allow for inclusion and support for that transformative process to occur the more representative the N will be that correlates to real tangible wellbeing data logged for the betterment of the science as well as the patient. 

Cheers


Ref: Related Cancer Blog on Emily Whitehead

Science Validation & The Rising Sun

Strategy, survival, direction, competition and growth opportunities are but a few fundamental elements in the maze of everyday life all professionals must navigate - no more so than those on the leading edge of managing scientific innovation.

Being at the forefront of change often elicits backdraft currents and polarization of entrenched positions. This is natural and can be seen as a positive reinforcement of the high threshold one must strive to in order to achieve acceptance. A sort of quality assay if you will - one which is analogous to peer review in a business setting.

A lot has been written on the news of the Ocata/Astellas deal regarding the value calculation and little on the actual merits of Validation for Ocata’s science, the step forward in its development plan and the broader implications for the stem cell sector.

This writer has covered Ocata for a long time and can attest to the finer details of the saga that was its Survival and Vindication. A road which has seen its fair share of episodic highlights - perhaps too many.

One could speak at length and talk of the dedicated character of those involved with the science and the constant pressure within & on the company to prove itself in a demanding uncompromising field. One piece termed the company a “lightning rod” - the story has all the hallmarks.

The end of an era? Yes, perhaps it is in many ways. I prefer to see it as the close of the 2nd act in a 3 act structure, where the rain is falling and mingling with the tears.

Lost independence isn’t easy to come to grips with. However, moving on from being a small volatile publicly traded company, with all the influences that entails, to being housed within a protective and nurturing parental structure is a very positive outcome - for the programs and patients in need. 

It signifies so much with regard to the science and efforts to help define the standards of a new treatment methodology in medicine. 

The deal is a solid affirmation from established pharma that the stem cell therapeutic sector is worth banking on. This comes on the heels of other momentum building developments in the space and perhaps is indicative of a growth driven consolidation phase.

There are many worthwhile questions surrounding the announcement and events leading up to the decision to sell that remain, even after recent company disclosures, and one would look to those involved to address them for the record. Lock stock comes to mind?

There is a saying which is often spoken in Catalonia - “the sun always rises” and aims to reinforce and embrace the positive.

Cheers

The Hemangioblast Progeny - Ocata's Blood, Immune & Cancer Programs

When we speak of the various programs Ocata has in development, apart from the Eye, they are referred to as "other" and are separated into boxes so the general targets become clearer - Blood, Immune & Cancer.

However, it important to understand that all these "others," and their various derivative relations, are based off of the Hemangioblast cell state precursor... i.e. eImmune Modulation using MSCs, eCancer Targeting using Dendritic/NK cells & eBlood Repair using Platelets, all via Ocata's Non-Destructive hESC Platform source or from any of the alternative Pluripotent Platform technologies (i.e. iPS, Parthenogenesis, SCNT).

Tissue engineering (organs) isn't yet in the preclinical phase at Ocata but could of course be a focus of research and product development/IP licensing if the company opts to push forward in that direction down the line with Pluripotent cells, most likely with Autologous reprogrammed cells using iPS, Parthenogenesis or SCNT Pluripotent sources.

For now it's the Allogeneic Hemangioblast offspring and as such all discussions in Blood, MSC/Immune, Cancer should be considered in relation to this when reviewing what the opportunity is for product development.

A program for engineered eDendritic cells targeting a pathogenic or virus strain can be separated from an engineered eDendritic cell deal for a Cancer indication - both derived from a Patented Pluripotent eDendritic cell IP rights chain that goes back three Patent layers to source. However, on top of those source IP rights is the engineered cell product itself (synthetic Product Claim) which will be the Exclusive Product License.

Is it more beneficial to break-up IP than outright License it wholesale per cell type? Will this occur When and If unique synthetic versions can be developed to optimize & uniquely address target market indications? For example why License the entire Cancer market to one partner when there are multiple potential partners in the space? Granted a potential Partner may address a cross-section of the space but one Partner may only be interested in or dominate in a few disease areas while others may be active in unrelated diseases and so forth... Each can have a tailored product using exclusive IP from cell origin to intermediate cell states to final proprietary formulation...

This is the strategic design for securing multiple partnerships to Ocata's underlying Platform & Program IP.

It is the unique or synthetic nature of the final product for distinct targets that will exponentially and dramatically expand the scope of collaborative understanding with Industry players.

The explosion in awareness and movement in cellular targeting via synthetic biology is the beginning of the paradigm shift in medicine.
        
CAR-T has been a research focus for a couple of years ago now - which was a welcome adjunct to an on-again off-again research effort on immunity, genetics & gene editing technologies. The nature of beating disease by way of empowering & harnessing the immune/blood system is fundamental to next generation therapies. Emily was one such proof many had been hoping for. Not that pure cells themselves or synthetic editing aren't invaluable in their own right to fight disease, but that complex modified biological cell constructs are possible as future effective treatments.

As with all cell treatments the ability to manufacture an inexhaustible supply of a replicable standard as an off-the-shelf product is what will separate the mass market offering from the targeted niche. The cell progeny differentiated to a terminal state and used in therapeutics worldwide is akin to a small molecule drug produced on an assembly line.

Autologous treatments against Cancer may be required when specific and unique disease states & expression patterns apply and will therefore require bespoke cellular targeting. However, in the broader market a product with replicable standards, cost & scale will be vital and sought after by way of Allogeneic product methodologies. 

Some Allo programs already exist based on adult cell sources however when the inherent expression benefits of Pluripotent derived cell factories are combined with synthetic multi-target gene edits and/or pathway modifications the final product becomes naturally more effective and valuable, in addition to the replicable conformity & economies of scale benefits. 

Allogeneic product isn't by itself the definition of a complete solution purely because it's from an immortal source & is replicable to a standard but it is when combined with the inherently more potent properties of early cell state gene expression and enhanced synthetic action/targeting... 

Product is the goal and when next gen product is available early prototypes, niche offerings & more costly general alternatives will be mooted.

Profitability models favor a wider adoption formula for acute, unmet and orphan diseases where there is no effective standard of care. Pricing will vary depending on volumes.

Repeat treatment requirements are yet to be determined in many cases for cellular therapies and may factor in to longer term chronic care maintenance, more in line with existing treatment options.  

The science is on the cusp of having a solid fighting chance against disease, trauma & degeneration. That is perhaps something I wouldn't have said only a few years ago. However, doubt is gone in my mind and only time is left to answer what will be the optimal mechanism to defeat each target. Knowledge is expanding exponentially and as a result I imagine within a relatively short period of time the majority of our molecular pathways and stepwise complexities of action and reaction within our cellular communities will be known.

There is a race on that has only one possible ending - the complete and total banking of knowledge of the biological process map of our physical selves.

Just as The Human Genome Project opened the doors to a world of new discoveries, the uncovered realities of cellular based mechanisms are paving the way for fundamental changes in our societies that will impact the very nature of how we live our lives. Once disease is tamed our planet will turn to sustainability to maximize the efforts of our new longevity. The full cycle may take a generation or two to occur but it is inevitable and beginning now.

Ocata is one of the many at the forefront of this new dawn, contributing with knowledge & potential. Their unique understanding, developmental expertise, early cell state technology, IP positioning and mission is what sets them apart as a sector leader and underscores what the opportunity represents as a whole.

Cheers

Blood & The Search For A Universal Drug Delivery System

The doctrine that we are all equal under God applies in reality to the very Blood of humanity that runs through our veins. This was the shocking truth that changed an age old way of intellectual & class division. After millennia Science did that not faith. The fluid of life is an interchangeable commodity that drives the body and mind. A genetic brain unique to a person's cells is common enough to be of practical benefit. Donors of all types, colors and creeds can have some siphoned off and provided to those that need a refill. 

We accept the DNA of another to live on, with new Blood, without question and without any harm.

With 7.2 Billion humans on the planet you would think that we'd have enough of the Red stuff to go around. Think again. We don't even have enough fresh supplies to meet current demand, let alone future requirements based on the donation system. How can we expect this system to suddenly change to meet the forecasted demand when the population hits 10 Billion within a few decades and then 15 Billion a generation or two later?

Enter science, as usual, to solve the human evolutionary dilemma - Create it.

Not only is it possible to do so now, in inexhaustible volumes to satisfy all, but those cell products can and will be modified by the Scientists & Doctors of this 2nd Blood Revolution to deliver the needed solutions against the parasites, funguses, viruses, bacterias et al. that plague & kill daily in countless numbers.

Engineered weapons of the vascular system that naturally hone in and destroy invading pathogens.

The below provides a rough summary of how this is coming together from the perspective of ACTC and it's scientific colleagues.

Cheers

Phase 1 - Blastomere Derived Renewable Stem Cell Line
Phase 2a - Clinical Expansion & Banking of Hemangioblast Derived Megakaryocytes
Phase 2b - Engineered Variants for Drug Delivery Requirements
Phase 3a - Differentiation of Platelets, Red Blood Cells & Line Derivatives 
Phase 4a - Biocompatible Unit Preparation & Universal Distribution
Phase 4b - Locally Served Fresh Product via Bioreactor Automated Production

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REFERENCES:

Cell Research Jan 2011 - "Platelets generated from human embryonic stem cells are functional in vitro and in the microcirculation of living mice" - SCRMI, Univ of Illinois Chicago, Cha Univ, Harvard / BWH & ACTC 

Blood July 2014 - "Platelet bioreactor-on-a-chip" - Harvard / BWH, Univ Colorado & Colorado School of Mines, McGill, ACTC

Vector - Boston Children's Hospital Blog March 2014 - "The Platelet Whisperers

MedCity News April 2014 - "Biochip mimics how the body produces platelets so they could be made in a lab"


NY Times May 2014 - "Young Blood May Hold Key to Reversing Aging"

UCSF July 2014 - "Key to Aging Immune System Is Discovered

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, June 2014 - Whitehead Institute & MIT - "Engineered red blood cells as carriers for systemic delivery of a wide array of functional probes"

The Scientist Sept 2014 - "Next Generation: Blood-Cleansing Device" - (Engineered MBL Protein use example in fighting Sepsis - with cell engineering it can be done without dialysis)



Advanced Cell Technology's Scientific Advisory Board

Dr. Langer's Lab & Dr. Jensen's Lab of MIT

The Scientist July 2013 - "Narrow Straits - Transfecting molecules into cells is as easy as one, two, squeeze.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, Feb 2013 - "A vector-free microfluidic platform for intracellular delivery"

R&D, July 2013 - "Researchers put squeeze on cells to deliver"

Dr. Daley's Lab - "Hematopoiesis Research" - HHMI / Children's Hospital Boston / Havard  & "CellNet" - Children's Hospital Boston / Havard / Boston Univ & iPS mRNA Tech

Daley / Children's Hospital Boston / Harvard Patent Families: 

Biomechanical Induction of Hematopoiesis
Inhibition and Enhancement of Reprogramming by Chromatin Modifying Enzymes
Methods for Enhancing Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Engraftment 
Method to Produce Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells from Non-Embryonic Human Cells 
Method of Enhancing Proliferation and/or Hematopoietic Differentiation of Stem Cells
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Advanced Cell Technology's Patent Portfolio for the Blood Program:

INEXHAUSTIBLE SOURCE OF RENEWABLE STEM CELLS:

Blastomere Non-Destructive Human Embryonic Stem Cell Technology 

Blastomere Patent Family

5 Granted US Patents: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

iPS/Reprogramming Renewable Stem Cell Derivation papers 1 & 2

iPS/Reprogramming Renewable Stem Cell Patent Family Portfolio: 1, 2 with examples A, B, C and SCNT Tech

EARLIEST YOUTHFUL BLOOD LINE POSSIBLE

HEMANGIO-COLONY FORMING CELLS - US Patent Granted & Patent Family 

HEMANGIO COLONY FORMING CELLS AND NON-ENGRAFTING HEMANGIO CELLS - App Pub March 2011 & Patent Family 

UNIQUE BLOOD LINE CELL PRODIGY DERIVATION:

(WO2011069127) LARGE SCALE GENERATION OF FUNCTIONAL MEGAKARYOCYTES AND PLATELETS FROM HUMAN EMBRYONIC 
STEM CELLS UNDER STROMAL-FREE CONDITIONS - PCT Pub June 2011 & US App Pub Dec 2012 & Patent Family  
(Note: SCRMI is a JV between ACTC & Cha Biotech of Korea - North American Rights belong to ACTC - Japan/Korea to Cha - ROW split)

(WO2014100779) METHODS FOR PRODUCTION OF PLATELETS FROM PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF - PCT Pub June 2014 & US App Pub Sept 2014